Journal of Al-Manara for historical and archeological studies and researches
Is an semi-annual scientific refereed journal, published by the Department of History of the University of Ghardaïa, specializing in historical and archaeological studies and researchs, in order to contribute to the preservation of the historical heritage of humanity in general and national in particular. The Journal seeks to contribute to the development of research in the fields of history and archaeology, by adhering to the novelty and authenticity of what it publishes, and the obligation to provide scientific additionality in research that it accepts for publication, believing that it is the most important way to achieve greater scientific visibility for the Algerian University. In the same vein, it seeks to encourage researchers to publish in foreign languages, particularly English, in order to take a place among the world's scientific journals. The Journal also seeks to promote scientific cooperation with professors and researchers who are specialized in its field, both inside and outside the country, in order to promote scientific research in Algeria. In addition to its competence in history (antiquity, medieval, modern and contemporary), as well as archaeology in its various disciplines, it opens up to the specializations of the human and social sciences that are closely related to history and archaeology, and this is in the belief of the importance of intersection between social and human sciences.
The seasons and official processions in Algeria during the ottoman period 1519-1830 (Doctorate thesis)
This study examines the official festivals and ceremonial processions of the Regency of Algiers during the Ottoman period (1519–1830) as symbolic instruments through which the Ottoman administration constructed political legitimacy and reinforced its authority within society. It analyzes the ceremonial structure of official occasions and explores their political, social, and economic functions, as well as their symbolic significance in shaping relations between rulers and subjects. The research adopts a historical-analytical approach based on a wide range of primary sources, including foreign archival records—particularly consular correspondence—local archival documents, memoirs, and contemporary historical accounts. The findings demonstrate that the Ottoman authorities preserved important elements of the local ceremonial heritage while incorporating Ottoman imperial traditions into official rituals. Religious, political, military, and social ceremonies were deliberately employed to consolidate state authority, strengthen public loyalty, and communicate political legitimacy through a sophisticated system of ritual practices, public ceremonies, and ceremonial patronage. The study further highlights the central role of political symbolism and official generosity in sustaining Ottoman rule in the Regency of Algiers, demonstrating that official festivals and processions provide an essential framework for understanding the political culture and mechanisms of governance in Ottoman Algeria.
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Zionist ambitions in Palestine at the end of the nineteenth century
The late 19th century marked the beginning of the crystallization of the Zionist project as a political movement aimed at est. abolishing a national homeland for the Jews in Palestine, taking advantage of the weakness of the ottoman Empire and the growing European-particularly British support for the Zionist idea these ambitions became clearly evident through the activities of Zionist movement and its conferences ,most mutably the first Zionist congress held in Basel in 1997 under the leadership of Theodor Herzl who openly declared that the goal was toast a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine under international guarantors¨ organized Jewish immigration to Palestine beg arm, accompanied by land , surpasses by Zionist organizations such as the Jewish colonization association and the Jewish national fund , which paved the way for a significant Jewish pale stain land. The Arabs in Palestine partially aware of these plans, bat political wearers and the absence of effedue organization parented an early response to the imminent threat.
Aspects of the Iraqi Press Coverage of the Daily Developments of the Algerian Revolution
The Algerian Revolution received unparalleled attention from both the popular and official circles in Iraq. As the revolution in Algeria grew stronger and more determined to expel the French colonial occupation, Iraqi public opinion increasingly sought to express the deep bonds of brotherhood and the shared destiny linking the two peoples. Various sectors of Iraqi civil society mobilized their resources and efforts to support the Algerian people, who had endured the hardships of French colonial rule for many decades. Consequently, the Algerian Revolution quickly became one of the foremost concerns of Iraqi public opinion, particularly because its outbreak coincided with the height of Arab nationalist fervor, which advocated liberation from foreign domination and the revival of a unified Arab nation.
The Stance of the Azzaba Circle Members Towards French Colonialism: A Case Study of Sheikh Amhammad bin Yusuf Itfayish and Sheikh Ibrahim Bayyud
This study examines the stance of the Azzaba Council (al-’Azzaba) regarding the French occupation of the M’zab Valley, focusing on two prominent figures: Sheikh Amhammad bin Yusuf Itfayish and Sheikh Ibrahim Bayyud. From the outset, Sheikh Itfayish opposed the Protectorate Treaty concluded between the Mozabite notables and the French in 1853, calling for a total rejection of French colonial authority. However, the prevailing political circumstances compelled the signing of the treaty as the sole alternative to direct military occupation, the potential destruction of the region, and the annihilation of its inhabitants. The French soon breached the agreement by formally annexing the M’zab Valley in 1882, prompting Sheikh Itfayish to protest and demand the fulfillment of the treaty’s original terms—a position he documented extensively in his writings. Following his death, Sheikh Ibrahim Bayyud carried forward the struggle. He opposed the compulsory conscription law, sought the termination of military rule, and advocated for the administrative integration of the M'zab region with the Department of Algiers (Algiers Prefecture). Furthermore, he championed the Arabic language and Islamic identity by establishing independent schools (Écoles Libres) and dispatching educational missions to Tunisia. With the outbreak of the Algerian Revolution, Bayyud emerged as its vocal proponent in the south, maintaining that his struggle was fundamentally for the territorial integrity of Algeria—a commitment solidified by his absolute rejection of the French project to detach the Sahara.
The exile of Algerians to New Caledonia: A reading of examples from the French archives, specifically those pertaining to southeastern Algeria.
This article examines and researches unpublished documents that reveal the situation of some Algerians from southeastern Algeria, the manner of their exile and the formalities that accompanied that exile, as well as the reasons and methods of their trials, and the circumstances of their captivity, in the last period of the nineteenth century, as well as their origins from various regions of southeastern Algeria. These documents reveal their suffering.
The Interaction between Media and Diplomacy in the Context of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution: An Analytical Study of Key Documents
The article examines the 1956 Hungarian Revolution as a pivotal event that relied on both armed struggle and media propaganda to internationalize its cause and mobilize international support against the Soviet Union. The revolution succeeded in generating broad solidarity from various countries and organizations, helping to bring the Hungarian people’s voice to the global stage. The study highlights the diversity of international support, including Italian diplomatic backing, Arab media coverage that drew comparisons between the Hungarian and Algerian causes, as well as popular solidarity in Poland, Africa, and Latin America, particularly Brazil. It also emphasizes the role of the United Nations in addressing the Hungarian refugee crisis through significant humanitarian and media efforts. In contrast, the article points to Soviet repression and the subsequent diplomatic isolation of Hungary, along with the pursuit of refugees, especially in the United Kingdom. It concludes that the Hungarian Revolution became a major international issue, illustrating global engagement with questions of freedom and opposition to authoritarianism during the Cold War.
Arab Parties and Popular Organizations and Solidarity with the Algerian Revolution: The Maghreb as a Case Study
The text examines the role of Maghrebi popular solidarity in supporting the Algerian Revolution, highlighting the contrast between official positions and the broad popular consensus in favor of the struggle, both materially and morally. Historical ties and a shared destiny formed the basis of mass mobilization led by trade unions, student groups, and women’s organizations, despite attempts by colonial authorities and local regimes to restrain it. In Tunisia, solidarity was expressed through demonstrations, strikes, and direct support for refugees and fighters, alongside strong coordination among organizations. In Morocco, support took on a powerful grassroots character, including donations, protests, and sheltering revolutionaries, despite some political fluctuations. In Libya, solidarity was particularly remarkable for its depth and comprehensiveness, encompassing financial aid, hosting refugees, and active media and political mobilization. The National Liberation Front helped organize and direct these efforts, strengthening the Algerian cause regionally and internationally, and confirming that Maghrebi popular solidarity was a fundamental pillar in achieving Algeria’s independence.
Diplomatic Support by Arab Governments for the Internationalization of the Algerian Cause (1954–1962)
The Algerian cause received early Arab support even before the outbreak of the November 1, 1954 Revolution, as Arab states became aware of the gravity of the situation following the May 8, 1945 massacres. Through the League of Arab States, efforts were made to politically and diplomatically support the Algerian people. With the outbreak of the Revolution, this support intensified through official statements and diplomatic pressure in international forums, particularly the United Nations, aiming to internationalize the and expose French colonial practices. Arab countries, notably Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Syria, played a significant role by providing financial, media, and political assistance, while hosting representatives of the National Liberation Front. The Arab League also contributed to promoting the cause and establishing support mechanisms, despite some divergences among member states. This Arab strategic depth, alongside Afro-Asian solidarity, strengthened the Revolution’s resilience and helped impose the Algerian issue internationally, paving the way for independence in 1962.
The massacres of 8 May 1945 through the testimonies of the Beni Mzab people in northern Algeria (particularly the cities of Sétif and Guelma)
This article examines the 8 May 1945 massacres as a pivotal event in modern Algerian history through the testimonies and contributions of the Beni Mzab community, which was widely present in northern Algerian cities, particularly in the Tell region such as Sétif, Guelma, Kherrata, and others. Owing to their commercial activity and presence in northern cities, they participated in economic and social life and played a role in the 8 May 1945 demonstrations, with some contributing to the preparation of national flags and supporting the nationalist movement. Following the violent repression carried out by French colonial authorities, which resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries, the arrest of a large number of Algerians, and the destruction of property—including that of Mozabite traders—many of them went bankrupt, which forced many to return to the Mzab Valley. The article also relies on oral testimonies from Mozabite traders and resistance fighters regarding the decline of the Mozabite commercial presence in eastern Algeria after the massacres, due to severe economic and psychological damage. It further provides important details about the city of Guelma, highlighting the responsibility of the colonial authorities in the massacres and mentioning some French local officials and their role in the repression. In the same context, the article highlights attempts by local notables to intervene and stop the massacres through meetings with the colonial authorities; however, these efforts did not lead to any decisive results.
The Role of Sheikh Abu Al-Yaqzan (1888-1973 AD) in the Association of Scholars and his Position in it
Among the goals of the Algerian Muslim Scholars Association when it was founded in 1931 AD was to appoint figures from different trends to its board of directors, including some reform theorists in the Mzab Valley. We wonder about the efforts of Board Member Sheikh Ibrahim Abi Al-Yaqzan in the association and his influence in the field of journalism and social reform. By referring to the sheikh’s newspapers and the testimonies of his companions from that era, it becomes clear to us that his friendship with the president of the association, Sheikh Ibn Badis, and the exchange of visits between them occurred from an early time, both in Tunisia and Constantine. This apparently qualified him to become a member of it since its founding, be elected to a position in it in 1934 AD, and then represent it in the south. The similarity of the reform movement activity in the M'zab region, of which the sheikh was one of its prominent figures, with the activity of the Association of Scholars through its confrontation of the French occupation in the journalistic field, their pursuit of the renaissance of the Islamic nation and the homeland, and their interest in educating young people inside and outside Algeria; had an impact on the success of this movement in spreading awareness about the issues of the homeland and the nation in northern and southern Algeria and that accelerated the country’s entry into the liberation battle.
Maghrebi Support for the Diplomacy of the Algerian Revolution (1956–1962)
Algerian diplomacy between 1954 and 1956 received early attention despite the harsh conditions of the الثورة, as the National Liberation Front established a diplomatic apparatus represented by the external delegation based in Cairo. This delegation, composed of prominent leaders, was tasked with promoting the Algerian cause internationally and securing political and military support. The Bandung Conference of 1955 marked a real بداية for Algerian diplomacy, as the gained international backing and was brought before the United Nations following military successes. The Soummam Conference in 1956 further strengthened external action and emphasized Maghrebi coordination. In this context, Tunisia and Morocco provided strong diplomatic support through political coordination, raising the issue of refugees, and advocating for Algerian independence in international forums, despite the 1956 hijacking of الثورة leaders. They also supported the establishment of the provisional government in 1958. Libya likewise played an important role by offering political support, hosting meetings, and recognizing the provisional government, reinforcing the diplomatic path to independence.
The Moroccan Stance toward the Algerian Revolution: Between the Dialectic of Solidarity and Conflict
This article examines the historical relations between Morocco and Algeria during the colonial period, particularly during the Algerian Revolution (1954–1962), and highlights Morocco’s role in supporting the Algerian resistance against French colonialism. It also explores the dialectic of solidarity and conflict in Morocco’s stance toward the Algerian Revolution.
The Committee for Coordination, Implementation, and Arab Solidarity (1956–1958)
The text examines the establishment and activities of the Committee of Coordination and Execution within the broader context of the Algerian Revolution between 1956 and 1958. Created in the aftermath of the Soummam Conference on 20 August 1956, the committee functioned as the highest executive authority, supervising political, military, and organizational domains while ensuring coordination between the internal and external fronts of the الثورة. Initially composed of five prominent members, it played a central role in institutionalizing collective leadership and reinforcing the centralization of revolutionary decision-making, despite persistent internal tensions and rivalries. As French repression intensified, particularly during the 1957 general strike, the committee relocated its activities abroad and was reconstituted in Cairo in August 1957 with an expanded structure and enhanced diplomatic functions. It worked to secure Arab and international support and upheld independence as a fundamental condition for negotiations with France. Nevertheless, internal divisions and regional tensions weakened its effectiveness and undermined leadership unity.
Libyan Support for the Algerian Revolution (1954–1962)
Abstract (in English): Libyan support for the Algerian Revolution stood as a genuine example of brotherhood and solidarity. The Libyan people responded strongly to its outbreak, motivated by deep religious and geographic ties, welcoming Algerian refugees and assisting them. King Idris al-Senussi declared Libya’s full support, while popular demonstrations condemned French colonialism. Donations were widely collected during “Algeria Week,” reflecting broad public engagement. Politically, support began discreetly but gradually expanded to include recognition of the Provisional Government and the hosting of major conferences, alongside diplomatic efforts to internationalize the Algerian cause. Militarily, Libya played a crucial role in transporting weapons and supporting fighters despite serious risks, becoming a key supply route. In the media field, newspapers and radio broadcasts helped promote the cause and expose colonial abuses. The Libyan Committee for Supporting Algeria also contributed significantly by organizing fundraising and mobilizing society. Altogether, this support made Libya an active and committed partner in Algeria’s struggle for freedom and independence.
Strategy of Arab Audio Media in Supporting the Algerian War of Independence: The “Voice of the Arabs” Radio as a Case Study
The media played a significant role in supporting the Algerian War of Independence, helping to counter French colonial propaganda and expose its falsehoods. One of the most notable initiatives in this field was the establishment of the “Voice of the Arabs” radio station following the July 23, 1952 revolution led by Gamal Abdel Nasser. It served as a platform for promoting Arab unity and nationalism, while supporting the struggles of Arab peoples for freedom and independence. During the 1950s, the Arab world witnessed widespread liberation movements in Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, and Algeria, alongside resistance in Yemen and the Gulf against colonial rule. When the Algerian revolution broke out in 1954, Cairo was the first to broadcast the November 1 Declaration, offering strong media support through patriotic songs, political commentary, and religious speeches encouraging resistance. Sheikh Bashir al-Ibrahimi also urged Algerians to join and support the revolution until independence was achieved.
The Western Algerian Beylik in european eyes: A study in truth and perception (Book Review)
This study examines Kamel Ben Sahraoui’s work Baylek of the West in The African Journal (2018), which analyzes the representation of the Western Beylik in the French colonial journal Revue Africaine. The research highlights the importance of historiography in preserving historical memory while critically addressing the colonial production of knowledge about Algeria during the Ottoman and French colonial periods. It focuses on how French scholars collected, edited, and interpreted indigenous manuscripts, often within a framework shaped by colonial ideology and cultural bias. The book provides a critical edition and analysis of texts related to the Western Beylik, emphasizing the administrative structure of Ottoman Algeria and the strategic importance of the western region. It further explores French colonial representations of cultural, religious, and political realities, including interpretations of historical sites, religious figures, Spanish occupation, and local resistance movements. The study reveals methodological limitations in colonial scholarship, particularly the selective use of sources and the exclusion of indigenous perspectives. Through six thematic chapters, the author deconstructs colonial historiography by examining cultural narratives, military history, urban development in Oran and Mers El-Kébir, and the broader geopolitical context of North African colonial competition. The analysis also critiques key colonial narratives and highlights the ideological function of historical writing in legitimizing imperial expansion. The study concludes that Ben Sahraoui’s work contributes significantly to Algerian historiography by offering a critical reassessment of colonial sources, correcting biases, and reconstructing neglected aspects of the Western Beylik’s history. Despite structural limitations in the book, it remains an important academic reference for understanding colonial discourse, historical memory, and the historiography of Ottoman and colonial Algeria.
The Role of the M’Zab Region in the Algerian National Movement and the Liberation Revolution (1930–1962)
This study investigates the role of the M’zab people in the Algerian National Movement and the Liberation War (1930–1962). It highlights their early participation in resistance against French colonial rule, followed by their involvement in nationalist political parties such as the North African Star, the Algerian People’s Party, and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties. The study also emphasizes their contribution to the reformist movement through the Association of Algerian Muslim Scholars, particularly in education and Islamic awareness. The research shows that M’zabi activists played a significant role in spreading political and cultural consciousness, despite colonial repression. During the Liberation War, they provided logistical, financial, and organizational support to the National Liberation Front, especially in trade networks, communication, transport, and covert activities in urban centers. The study concludes that the M’zabis were an active and continuous force in Algeria’s national struggle, contributing to both the cultural awakening and the revolutionary effort that led to independence in 1962.
The Role of the Men of the Association of Muslim Scholars in Eastern Algeria in Promoting and Developing Free Arabic Education (1931- 1956) The Aures Region as a Model
This article examines the role of the Association of Algerian Muslim Scholars in promoting and developing free Arabic education in the Aures region during the colonial period (1931–1956), as a case study of Eastern Algeria. The study highlights the limited academic focus on the cultural dimension of the national movement compared to its political aspects, despite the crucial role of education in producing intellectual and social transformations. It shows that education was a key arena of conflict between the colonial administration and the Muslim society, as the Association sought to resist the policy of French assimilation through the establishment of free schools, mosques, and Qur’anic schools. The article also emphasizes the contribution of the Association’s activists in spreading religious and national awareness and in training a local elite that led reform activities. In the Aurès, social and cultural conditions facilitated the gradual reception and spread of reformist ideas. This led to the creation of an educational network that transformed the intellectual and social structure of the population. The study concludes that these efforts helped revive national identity and strengthen the spirit of resistance. It also stresses that reformist education played a fundamental role in preparing the Aurès society to later join the national movement and the Liberation Revolution.
Aspects of the Intellectual and Scientific Contribution of Sheikh Ibrahim Bayoudh ben Omar
Sheikh Ibrahim Bayoud (1899–1981) was one of the leading reformist figures in the M’zab Valley in Algeria. He was born in the city of El Guerrara in Ghardaia Province. He memorized the Qur’an at a young age and received his education from the prominent scholars of the Ibadi Azaba council. He was among the founders of the Institute of Life (Maʿhad al-Ḥayāt) and also contributed to the establishment of the Association of Algerian Muslim Ulama. He was well-known for his firm and patriotic stances, particularly his resistance to French colonialism, which led to his exile and house arrest. Sheikh Bayoud lived as a scholar and reformer, dedicating his life to tireless educational and religious work. He left behind a rich intellectual legacy, including an oral interpretation of the Qur’an, recorded in over 1,127 tapes and later published in 40 volumes. His work demonstrated innovation in Qur’anic exegesis and had a profound impact on his community. He maintained extensive international correspondence and died with dignity, leaving behind institutions that continue to function to this day. He remains one of the iconic figures of religious and cultural revival in modern Algeria.
The evolution of the historical writing method from the 5th century BC to the present day
The text treats the evolution of historical writing methods from the West to the Islamic world and up to modern approaches, highlighting major transformations in understanding history and methods of study. It traces the development from Herodotus to the Annales School, focusing on figures like Arnold Toynbee and Ibn Khaldun, as well as the advancement of historiography In the Islamic world, with prominent historians such as al-Tabari, al-Masudi, Ibn al-Athir, and others. Historical writing covered diverse areas, including biographies, chronicles, local history, and the history of countries. Contemporary historical research has further developed, relying on auxiliary sciences such as archaeology, geography, law, languages, and social and economic sciences, to achieve a more precise understanding of human phenomena.
مراكز حركة الجهاد البحري في بلاد المغارب ودورها في صدّ الحملات الأوروبية خلال القرنين (10-11ه/ 16-17م)؛ مقاربة من خلال الوثائق الأرشيفية. (عرض أطروحة دكتوراه)
تتناول الدراسة مجال البحث التعريف بأهم مراكز حركة الجهاد البحري في بلاد المغارب، التي لعبت دورًا فعالاً في المجابهات العسكرية التي شهدتها ضفتي البحر المتوسط الشمالية والجنوبية خلال القرنين (10-11ه/ 16-17م)، هذه الفترة التي شهدت نزاعًا حادًا بين الشرق الإسلامي بقيادة الامبراطورية العثمانية من ناحية، والغرب المسيحي بقيادة التحالف الأوروبي الذي أشرفت على تشكيله البابوية في روما برئاسة البابا بيوس الخامس من الناحية الثانية، أين برزت حركة الجهاد البحري المغاربي كقوة عالمية في الصراع الإسلامي المسيحي حاملة شعار التضامن الإسلامي، الأمر الذي جعلها تؤدي دورا مشرفا إلى جانب الدولة العثمانية في صد عديد الحملات الأورومسيحية على الصعيدين الإقليمي والعالمي، حيث برهنت هذه المشاركات في نفس الوقت عن قوة المراكز البحرية المغاربية الجهادية، التي مثلت بدورها الدرع الواقي واليد الضاربة للعثمانيين في هذا الصراع المرير.
دور ثوار ناحية غارداية في إجهاض مؤامرة فصل الصحراء في المفاوضات الفرنسية الجزائرية
يهدف هذا المقال إلى تسليط الضوء على بداية تركيز اهتمام سلطات الاحتلال الفرنسية بالمناطق الجنوبية الجزائرية الذي ازداد أكثر مع اكتشاف حقول الطاقة الغاز والبترول في الصحراء، ومع اندلاع الثورة التحريرية بدأت الدعاية الإعلامية الفرنسية في الترويج لفكرة مفادها إن سكان الصحراء والمناطق الجنوبية لست لهم علاقة بكل ما يحدث في المناطق الشمالية الملتهبة بفعل اندلاع الثورة التحريرية فهم سكان مسالمين، ولقد كان الغرض من ذلك هو التمهيد لمؤامرة فرنسا الرامية لفصل الصحراء الجزائرية عن شمالها، وقد كان رد قيادة الثورة على مساعي فرنسا الانفصالية سريع، وذلك بتحريك وإرسال العديد من بعثات عسكرية نحو المناطق الجنوبية بغرض تفعيل العمل الثوري في هذه المناطق، وقد كانت ناحية غارداية على أتم الاستعداد، وذلك بفضل بعض المناضلين من أبنائها، كانت مهيكلة ومنظمة عسكريا وسياسيا منذ مدة، ونظراً لأهمية ناحية غارداية وتفردها عن باقي المناطق الأخرى بما تميزت به من ثنائية مذهبية وعرقية لسكانها رأت سلطات الاحتلال بأنها المنطقة والبؤرة الأصلح والأكثر خصوبة لتمرير مشروعها الرامي للانفصال، وقد كان لتدخل ووقوف فرق جيش التحرير الوطني بكل قوة وحزم في المنطقة في وجه مخططات فرنسا الانفصالية الدور الكبير في إجهاض مشروعها وذلك بفتح جبهة شديدة السخونة في المنطقة بحيث تحولت ناحية غارداية إلى ميدان وساحة قتال حقيقية ضد قوات العدو التي واجهت حربا حقيقية في المنطقة بشن سلسلة من كمائن واشتباكات ومعارك الضارية قادها أفراد جيش التحرير الوطني فكان لوقع تلك المعارك والاشتباكات صدى كبير والدليل القاطع على تكذيب ادعاءات فرنسا التي كانت تعّول على المنطقة باعتبارها محور ارتكاز أساسي لتمرير مخططاتها.
المذكرات الثورية للمجاهد "الطالب بلال" بالعطف "تاجنينت" عشية احتفالات 19 مارس 1962
لقد ساهمت مدينة العطف "تاجننت" بدور هام في النضال الوطني ضد الاستعمار الفرنسي ماديا ومعنويا، ومنحت من أرواح أبنائها ومن ريع مالها ما أسهم في الحركة والثورة الوطنيتين، وأفرز ذلك إقرار جعلها مقرا للاحتفالات المخلدة لعيد النصر الذي أقرته اتفاقيات إفيان الشهيرة. لقد ترك المجاهد بكلي بابه المعروف بالطالب بلال مذكرات قيمة ظهرت على شكل كتيب مهم سنة 2006، ذكر فيه بشكل مختصر ومركز أهم محطات الاحتفال التي مرت عليها البلدة، وأبرز مراحل الاعداد المحلي والاتصالات الوطنية التي تمت خلالها، وأهم القرارات التي اتخذت وذلك عبر سرد حوليات يومية مهمة وتاريخية. سنجتهد في بحثنا على إبراز هاته المراحل الهامة في مسار التحرر الوطني، وذكر بعض الشخصيات المغمورة التي لابد من الإشارة لها في محطة هامة من محطات التاريخ الوطني الجزائري.
مساهمة الإتحاد العام للطلبة المسلمين الجزائريين في الثّورة التحريرية المجيدة (1954-1962م)
يمثل النضال الطلاب بالجزائر حلقة هامة في مسار الثّورة الجزائرية المجيدة الذي يعكس الصورة الحقيقة لتضحية الطالب الجزائري الذي تخلى عن حلم استكمال المشوار التعليمي من أجل تلبية النداء الواجب الوطني بالالتحاق بركب الثّورة الجزائرية من جهة ومن جهة أخرى تأسيس الطلبة للاتحاد العام للطلبة المسلمين الجزائريين،وخلدوا فيه البصمة النضالية للفئة الطلابية الجزائرية بشجاعتهم الباسلة مما أدى إلى التحام جميع شرائح المجتمع الجزائري في انخراط في صفوف الثّورة التحريرية الجزائرية والدفاع عن قضيتهم العادلة والمشروعة.
نظرات منهجية في دراسة وتدريس تخصص التاريخ بالجامعة
يحتاج الباحث في تخصص التاريخ أستاذا وطالبا، إلى التمكن من منهجية البحث في تخصّصه، حتى يحقّق أحد أهمّ الأهداف من هذا العلم، الذي لا تخفى على Hحد أهميته ودوره، ولعل أهم ما يضطلع به الباحث في تخصص التاريخ هو إثراء المعرفة التاريخية الإنسانية، والتي لن تكون إلا من باحث جادّ وملتزم أخلاقيّا وعلميّا. في هذه المساهمة عرض لبعض المبادئ والقواعد المنهجية التي تم استخلاصها من كتب ودراسات رصينة، ومن تجارب ميدانية متواضعة، نرجو من خلالها تنوير المشتغلين في مجال التاريخ وتوجيههم إلى بعض ما يمكن أن يفيدهم في بحوثهم.