Demographic Shifts in Algeria: from High Growth to Structural Strain

Abstract

This study examines Algeria’s demographic transformation from 1961 to 2024 using official statistics, academic research, and policy analysis. It reveals a major demographic shift: fertility dropped from 8.4 children per woman in 1970 to 2.8 in 2024, and life expectancy rose to nearly 80 years. While the working-age population represents 66%, Algeria has not fully benefited due to high youth unemployment and labor market barriers. Aging is accelerating, with 7% of the population now over 65. Marriage rates are falling, and divorce rates are rising, reflecting deep social changes. Urbanization driven by internal migration has strained infrastructure, while international emigration of skilled youth fuels a growing brain drain. The lack of reliable migration data hampers policymaking. The study calls for integrated reforms: improve reproductive health, reform pension and healthcare systems, boost employment especially for women and youth and create a National Migration Observatory to support evidence-based, inclusive demographic planning.